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صفحة المصدر 64§
4.4: Mehmed II: The Conqueror A Brief Biography (1432–1481 CE)
Mehmed II was one of the most influential leaders in world history. His reign transformed the Ottoman state from a regional principality into a global empire, bridging the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
| Birth | March 30, 1432 CE, in Edirne (His father is Sultan Murad II) |
| Education | He mastered Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Greek, Latin, and Hebrew languages. |
| First Reign (1444–1446) | He was 12 years old when his father stepped down from the throne to him. However, due to internal instability and the threat of Crusades, his father went back to power, and Mehmed was sent to Manisa (city in Turkey’s Aegean Region) to continue his education and training. He joined his father’s campaigns as a commander and fought at the Second Battle of Kosovo (1448). This battle was his “final exam” in large-scale warfare. |
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